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''Parthenium hysterophorus'' is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is native to the American tropics.〔 Common names include Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed, famine weed,〔McConnachie AJ, Strathie LW, et al. Current and potential geographical distribution of the invasive plant Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Africa. Weed Research. 2011 51(1) e-mail StrathieL@arc.agric.za. From http://www.farmersweekly.co.za 27 December 2013〕 and congress weed. In India, it is locally known as carrot grass, congress grass or ''Gajar Ghans''.〔Oudhia, P., Tripathi, R. S., Choubey, N. K., & Lal, B. (2000). Parthenium hysterophorus: a curse for the bio-diversity of Chhattisgarh plains of MP. Crop Research (Hisar), 19(2), 221-224.〕 It is a common invasive species in India,〔Oudhia, P. (2000).Parthenium hysterophorus : a new weed in upland rice fields of the Chhattisgarh Plains (India).International Rice Research Notes (IRRN).25.1:34.〕 Australia, and parts of Africa.〔 ''Parthenium hysterophorus'' invades disturbed land, including roadsides. It infests pastures and farmland, causing often disastrous loss of yield, as reflected in common names such as ''famine weed''.〔Oudhia, P. (2000).Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus and Ageratum conyzoides on wheat var.Sujata. Crop Research 20(3):563-566〕〔Oudhia, P. (2000).Positive (inhibitory) allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus leaves on germination and seedling vigour of sunflower. Crop Research 20(3):560-562.〕〔Oudhia, P. (2001).Allelopathic effects of leachates and extracts of different parts of an obnoxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. on germination and seedling vigour of selected crops. Ecol. Env. and Cons. 7(4):427-434.〕〔Oudhia, P. and Tripathi, R.S. (1998). Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on Kodo, Mustard and problematic weeds. Proc. First International Conference on Parthenium Management (Vol. II) UAS, Dharwad 6-8 Oct. 1997: 136-139.〕〔Oudhia, P., Kolhe, S.S. and Tripathi, R.S. (1997) Allelopathic effect of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on germination of Linseed. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 2 (4). 327-329.〕 In some areas, heavy outbreaks have been ubiquitous, affecting livestock and crop production, and human health. As an invader it first appeared as a contaminant in imported wheat. The plant produces Allelopathic chemicals that suppress crop and pasture plants, and allergens that affect humans and livestock. It also frequently causes pollen allergies. ==Toxicity== Contact with the plant causes dermatitis and respiratory malfunction in humans, and dermatitis in cattle and domestic animals. The main substance responsible is parthenin, which is dangerously toxic.〔National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database; CID=442288, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/442288 (accessed Oct. 21, 2015).〕〔(Parthenium )〕 It also is responsible for bitter milk disease in livestock when their fodder is polluted with ''Parthenium'' leaves.() Among other allelopathic effects of the species, the presence of ''Parthenium'' pollen grains inhibits fruit set in tomato, brinjal, beans, and a number of other crop plants. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Parthenium hysterophorus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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